Regime Change in the Light of the Obligations of First Generation of Human Rights and Responsibility to Protect

Jalali Rad, Mohammad Hossien; Salahi, Sohrab; Moradi, Maryam

Regime Change in the Light of the Obligations of First Generation of Human Rights and Responsibility to Protect

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Mohammad Hossien Jalali Rad ¹

Sohrab Salahi ²

Maryam Moradi ³

¹ PHD Student of Public International Law, Islamic Azad University Qeshm Branch, Qeshm, Iran.

² Assistant Professor of Public International Law, Department of Imam Hossein University Tehran, Iran.

³ Assistant Professor of Public International Law, Department of Public International Law, Islamic Azad University Qeshm Branch, Qeshm, Iran

Abstract

Each of the First Generation of Human Rights and Responsibility to Protect imposes obligations on member states of the International Community. Violation of these obligations will result in the realization of the International Responsibility of the state and the imposition of legal remedies. The practice of powerful states has sometimes been that regime change can be one of these remedies. This leads to the primacy of political interests over legal obligatios. The present article, using a descriptive-analytical method, explains the relationship between regime change and the obligations of each of the first generation of human rights and responsibility to protect and answers the question: What is the status of the regime change in the light of the obligations of the first generation of human rights and the responsibility to protect? The purpose of this study is to separate the justifications for regime change from the real human rights concerns. The article concludes that a regime change in the current and established state is neither possible in the light of the obligations of the International Human Rights Law, nor in the light of the legal institution of responsibility to protect; Therefore, human rights are not a pretext for regime change.

Keywords

Regime Obligations

Regime Change

State Sovereignty

Responsibility to Protect

First Generation of Human Rights

20.1001.1.23225637.1400.10.4.4.0

حبیبی، همایون و مریم حسینآبادی(1395)، «مسئولیتحمایت در آینه لیبی و سوریه»، فصلنامه تحقیقات جدید در علوم انسانی، شماره(3)9، صص. 167-195.

دهبانیپور،رضا و سیدباقرمیرعباسی(1395)، «تغییر نظامسیاسی مصر(2011)در پرتو گفتمان جهانیشدن حقوقبشر»، مطالعاتسیاسی جهاناسلام، شماره(1)5، صص. 53-77.

ذاکریان، مهدی(1381)، حقوقبشر در هزاره جدید، تهران، موسسه چاپ و انتشارات دانشگاهتهران.

ساعد،نادر(1392)، «تهدید به مداخلةنظامی در حقوق بینالملل معاصر: موردپژوهی قضیه سوریه»، مطالعات راهبردی جهان اسلام، شماره(1)53، صص. 119-134.

سیفزاده،فرزانه و همکاران(1396)، «بررسی مأموریت شورایامنیت در اعمال دکترین مسئولیتحمایت»، پژوهشهای حقوقتطبیقی، شماره(1)21، صص. 53-79.

شریفیطرازکوهی،حسین و جواد مبینی(1393)، «تحلیل حقوقی مداخله نظامی ناتو در لیبی با تأکید بر دکترین مسئولیتحمایت»، فصلنامه روابط خارجی، شماره(3)6، صص. 105-134.

صلاحی، سهراب(1395)، «مطالعه تطبیقی جهاد ابتدایی در حقوق اسلام و مسئولیتحمایت در حقوق بینالملل»، دوفصلنامه مطالعات حقوق تطبیقی، شماره(2)2، صص. 551-567.

عباسی، بیژن(1390)، حقوقبشر و آزادی‏های بنیادین، تهران، دادگستر.

فلسفی، هدایتالله(1396)، سیر عقل در منظومه حقوق بینالملل، تهران، نشر نو.

فلسفی،هدایتالله(1375)، «جایگاه بشر در حقوق بینالملل معاصر»، فصلنامه تحقیقاتحقوقی، شماره(1)18، صص. 211-267.

فلسفی،هدایتالله(1380-1381)، «حق، صلح و منزلت انسانی: تأملاتی در مفاهیم قاعده حقوقی، ارزش اخلاقی و بشریت»، مجله حقوقی، شمارههای26و27، صص. 5-130.

مصفا،نسرین و علیرضا شمسلاهیجی(1390)، «لیبی آوردگاه برای مسئولیتحمایت»، فصلنامه مطالعاتراهبردی، شماره(1)15، صص. 142-169.

موحد، محمد علی(1392)، در هوای حق و عدالت، تهران، کارنامه، چاپ چهارم.

موسویمیرکلائی،سیدطه(1398)، «فراتر از حقوق بینالملل: توسل خودسرانه بهزور در سوریه»، فصلنامه دیدگاههای حقوق قضایی، شماره(24)85، صص. 169-200.

موسیزاده،رضا و ساراحسینزاده(1399)، «ارزیابی عملکرد شورایامنیت مللمتحد در بهرهگیری از دکترین مسئولیتحمایت»، مطالعات حقوقعمومی دانشگاهتهران، شماره(2)50، صص. 465-490.

میرموسوی،سیدعلی(1400)، «تعهد و مسئولیتهای دولت در برابر حقوقبشر»، دوفصلنامه حقوقبشر، شماره(1)31، صص. 25-51.

Abratt, Daniela(2017), “US. Intervention in Syria: A Legal Responsibility to Protect”, Denver Law Review, Vol.95(1), Pp. 21-71.

Butler, Jay(2014), “Responsibility for Regime Change”, Columbia Law Review, Vol.114(3), Pp. 503-581.

Final Record of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva of 1949(1949), Vol.II, Section A (Minutes of Plenary Meetings: Meetings of 21,22,25,28April, 10and15May1949).

Fox, Gregory H.(2013), “Regime Change”, Wane State University Law School Legal Studies Research, Paper Series, No.2013-10, Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2256168.

ICJ Reports(1970), Case Concerning “The Barcelona Traction Light and Power Company, Limited” (Belgium V. Spain), Proceedings on Merit, Feb.5.

ICJ Reports(2004), Advisory Opinion on the “Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occcrpied Palestinian Territory”, 9July.

McMillan, Nesam and David Mickler(2013), “From Sudan to Syria: Locating Regime Change in R2P and the ICC”, Global Responsibility to Protect, Vol.5, Pp. 283-315.

Meron, Theodor(2006), The Humanization of International Law, Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Thakur, Ramesh(2011), The Responsibility to Protect: Norms, Laws and the Use of Force in International Politics, London, Routledge Publisher.

The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty(ICISS)(2001), The Responsibility to Protect, Ottawa: IDRC.

U.N. Doc.(1907), Hague Convention Respecting the Law and Customs of War on Land, Adopted at 18Oct.1907, Entered into Force at 26Jan.1910.

U.N. Doc.(1949), Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, Adopted at 12Aug.1949, Entered into Force at 21Oct.1950.

U.N. Doc.(1966), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Adopted at 16Dec.1966 by the U.N. General Assembly (Res. No.2200A), Entered into Force at 23March1976.

U.N. Doc.(1984), Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Adopted at 10Dec.1984 by the U.N. General Assembly (Res. No.39/46), Entered into Force at 26June1987.

U.N. Doc.(2001), Draft articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, Adopted at 10Aug. by the International Law Commission at its fifty-third session, Submitted to the U.N. General Assembly(Rep. No.A/56/10).

U.N. Doc.(2001), The Inter American democratic Charter, Adopted at 11Sep.2001 by the General Assembly of the Organization of American State at its Special Session.

U.N. General Assembly(1970), Resolution No.2625(XXV) concerning “Declartion on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordnce with the Charter of the United Nations”, 1883^thPlenary Meeting(Twenty Fifth Session), 24October.

U.N. General Assembly(1974), Resolution No.3314 (XXIX) concerning “Definition of Aggression”, 2319^thPlenary Meeting(Twenty Ninth Session), 14December.

U.N. General Assembly(2005), Resolution No.60/1 concerning “World Summit Outcome”, 8^thPlenary Meeting(Sixtieth Session), 24October.

U.N. Security Council(2003), Resolution No.1483, Adopted at its 4761^thMeeting, 22May.

U.N. Security Council(2003), Resolution No.1500, Adopted at its 4808^thMeeting, 14Aug.

U.N. Security Council(2003), Resolution No.1511, Adopted at its 4844^thMeeting, 16Oct.

U.N. Security Council(2004), Resolution No.1546, Adopted at its 4987^thMeeting, 8June.

U.N. Security Council(2011), Resolution No.1973, Adopted at its 6498^thMeeting, 17March.

U.N. Security Council(2014), Resolution No.2139, Adopted at its 7116^thMeeting, 22Feb.

Wheatley, Steven(2006), “The Security Council, Democratic Legitimacy and Regime Change in Iraq”, The European Journal of International Law, Vol.17(3), Pp. 531-551.