Trial of Pirates in International Courts of Justice: Challenges and Approaches

Kazemi, Seyyed Sajjad

Trial of Pirates in International Courts of Justice: Challenges and Approaches

Author

seyyed sajjad kazemi

Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Malayer University, Malayer,

Abstract

Fighting piracy through marine patrolling or round-the-clock presence of navy forces in international waterways may reduce pirate attacks against ships but will bear no fruit in the long run, without introducing approaches for trial and punishment of the main culprits. During the past decade, pirates have been tried within their country of origin but for various reasons such as asylum-seeking, high costs, political problems and the like, this sole approach has failed to be of positive effect in the course of fighting piracy. Moreover, resorting to such methods as the trial of pirates in third countries has faced numerous restrictions in practice. Therefore, the trial of pirates at a regional or international court can be evaluated as a long-term approach with positive effects. This approach, however, may face serious challenges although there are solutions under study to overcome these challenges. This research intends to have a critical review of the challenges and approaches to the trial of pirates in international courts of justice.

Keywords

piracy

trial

international courts of justice

regional courts

20.1001.1.23225637.1397.7.1.5.4

تقی‌زاده، زکیه (1391)، تحول مقابله با دزدی دریایی از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل، تهران: گنج دانش.

دیهیم، علیرضا (1384)، درآمدی بر حقوق کیفری بین‌المللی در پرتو اساسنامه دادگاه کیفری بین‌المللی، تهران: مؤسسه چاپ و انتشارات وزارت امور خارجه.

کسسه، آنتونیو (1387)، حقوق کیفری بین‌المللی، مترجمان زهرا موسوی و اردشیر امیر ارجمند، تهران: جنگل.

میرمحمدصادقی، حسین (1388)، دادگاه کیفری بین‌المللی، تهران: دادگستر، چاپ پنجم.

Bottini, Gabriel (2010), Universal Jurisdiction After the Creation of the International Criminal Court, 36 N. Y. U. J. Int’l L. & Pol.

Bulkeley, Jennifer C (2013), “Regional Cooperation On Maritime Piracy: A Prelude To Greater Multilateralism In Asia?”, Journal of Public and International Affairs, Vol. 14, Spring.

Dutton, Yvonne (2010), “Bringing Pirates to Justice: A Case for Including Piracy within the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court”, Chicago Journal of International Law, Vol. 11, No. 1, Summer.

Elleman, Bruce A.; Andrew Forbes, David Rosenberg (2017), Piracy and Maritime Crime, Naval War College Press, January.

Archibugi, Daniele and Marina Chiarugi (2016), “Looking for a Jurisdiction for Somali Pirates”, “Italian National Research Council”, IRPPS, October.

Final Act of the Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court (1998), UN Doc A/CONF. 183/10 at Annex I, Resolution E.

Guilfoile, Douglas, (2010), “The Laws Of War And The Fight Against Somali Piracy: Combatants Or Criminals?”, Melbourne Journal of International Law, Vol. 11.

Huang, Hua-Lun (2016), Who are sea cutthroats? A typological analysis of pirates, Crime Law Soc Change, 2016.

Living History Interview (1995), Judge Richard Goldstone, 5 Trans L & Contemp Probs 373, 380-81.

International Law Commission, Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its forty sixth session (“1994 ILC Draft Statute”), 2 May-22 July 1994, Ch II. B. I. 5. 1, UN GAOR 49_th Sess, Supp No. 10, UN Doc A/49/10, Art 20 (a)-(e), Cmt 18 and Annex.

Joyner, Christopher C (2009), “Arresting Impunity: The Case For Universal Jurisdiction In Bringing War Criminals To Accontability”, Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 59: No. 4.

Silva, Mario (2010), “Somalia: State Failure, Piracy, and the Challenge to International Law”, Virginia Journal of International Law, Vol. 50.

Stereo, Milena (2012), The Somali Piracy Problem: A Global Puzzle Necessitating A Global Solution, Hein Online-59 Am. U. L. Rev.

Thuo Gathi, James (2015), Jurisdiction to Prosecute Non-National Pirates Captured By Third States Under Kenyan and International Law, Loy. L. A. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. Vol. 3.

Thuo Gathii, James (2013), Kenya’s Piracy Prosecution, Albany Law School.