The fundamental issue addressed in this research is a re-examination of the theoretical and functional relationship between Islamic human rights, the process of political development, and the model of just governance. Within the dominant paradigms of political science and public law, development is conceptualized around a axis of liberal individualism, institutional secularization, and the reduction of sovereignty to instrumental rationality—an approach that insists on the incompatibility of adhering to Sharia with establishing democratic structures that constrain power. Conversely, intra-religious literature has often limited itself to abstract theological explanations or reactive apologetics, failing to formulate a concrete institutional model. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and a normative institutionalist approach, this study seeks to answer the following question: How can the epistemological and normative capacities of Islamic human rights pave the way for endogenous political development and underpin just governance? The findings indicate that, in Islamic political philosophy, fundamental human rights are grounded in inherent dignity and the agency derived from the theory of universal vicegerency (*istikhlaf*). By translating jurisprudential rulings into fundamental institutions for managing public affairs—specifically *Shura* (consultation) as a pillar of legislation and rational decision-making; conditional *Bay'ah* (allegiance) as a political contract ensuring accountability; the duty of public oversight as a form of civic monitoring; the principle of *Nush* (sincere counsel) as institutionalized freedom to criticize rulers; and judicial independence as a guarantee of the rule of law—this framework delineates a comprehensive model of just governance characterized by the constraint of power.